2
Department of Law, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran
10.48308/ihrd.2019.104576
Abstract
The protection of witnesses, both from the perspective of individual rights and from the perspective of public good and social expediency, has always been the focus of legal schools because witnesses and the informed either in terms of the type of crime, such as testifying in security crimes, or in terms of the status of the criminal, such as testifying against special criminals or the status of the witness, such as infancy, gender, or recent financial need can play an important role in the case of organized crime due to. Therefore, this article aims to support measures for witnesses, the informed, and victims of organized crimes. From this point of view, after expanding the conceptual space of the subject and expressing its problematic aspect, it will investigate the importance of organized crimes and the protection of witnesses and informed. According to the subject documents, presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data in this research is the library. The findings of this study indicate that one of the most effective and efficient approaches to support witness and the informed is to predict the protective measures in criminal law (substantive and formal) in the form of non-criminal protection and criminal protection measures.
Abdul Fanah, E. (2002). What is a crime and what are the criteria for criminalization, translated by Esmail Raheminejad, Legal Journal of Justice, No. 41.
Aghaei Nia, H. (2006). Crimes against persons (spiritual personality). Tehran: Mizan publication.
Alampour, M. and Tedin, A. (2012). Calling a witness from the perspective of Iranian law and international documents: From beings to musts, criminal law research journal, number 8.
Ashuri, M. (1997). Criminal Justice. Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications.
Bagherinejad, Z. (2013). A supportive approach to witnesses in the criminal laws of Iran and France, Judge's Law Journal, No. 67.
Bagherinejad, Z. (2015). Protection of witnesses, in the laws of Iran, France, and international documents in the light of the new criminal procedure law. Khorsandi Publications.
Hajiani, E. (1388). Organized Crimes. Tehran: Jihad University Publications.
Hashemi, H. and Babapour, M. A. (2011). Organized Crime, Tehran: Modbaran Publishing House.
Javanmard, B. (2018). Transnational organized crimes: Javedaneh Publications: second edition: The second volume.
Khalilpour Chalkiasri, S. A. (2018). Criminal policy of witness protection in criminal cases with a legislative approach of criminal law, Qanun Yar International Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 11.
Kiprono, W. (2016). Challenges facing the implementation of witness protection program in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Egerton University).
Koshki and Amini. (2016). A comparative study of witness protection in Iran's Criminal Procedure Law and England's Witness Charter, Criminal Law Research, 6th year, 21st issue.
Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, H. (2004). International Criminal Court, Tehran, Dadgstar Publishing House, first edition.
Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, H. (2007). Crimes against persons, Tehran: Mizan publications.
Mohseni, A. (2005). The relationship between legislation and crime, Journal of Justice, No. 51.
Monterosso, S. (2022). Shortcomings in the Operation and Coordination of Witness Protection in Australia. Where to from here? In Criminal Law Forum (pp. 1-28). Springer Netherlands.
Najafi Abrandabadi, A. H. and Hashem Beigi, H. (1998). Encyclopedia of Criminology, Shahid Beheshti University Publications.
Rahimi Esfahani, A. A., et al., (2010). Collection of Islamic Penal Code. Tehran: Publications of Vice-President of Research, Compilation, and Revision of Laws and Regulations, Panjak Printing.
Raufian Naini, H. (2009). Witness in Iranian Criminal Law, Rushd Bachelor's Thesis, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Judicial Sciences.
Shams Natari, M. I. (2008). The Investigation of Iran's criminal policy against organized crimes with an approach to international criminal law, Tarbiat Modares University.
Yousefzadeh, A. and Ramek, M. (2016). Witness support in criminal law in the light of human dignity, world conference on modern researches of Iran and the world in psychology and educational sciences, law and social sciences.
Abbaspour Ekder, N., & Afshari, M. (2019). Supporting Measures for Witnesses, the Informed, Victims in Organized Crimes. Islamic Studies on Human Rights and Democracy, 3(1), 1-18. doi: 10.48308/ihrd.2019.104576
MLA
Nazanin Abbaspour Ekder; Maryam Afshari. "Supporting Measures for Witnesses, the Informed, Victims in Organized Crimes", Islamic Studies on Human Rights and Democracy, 3, 1, 2019, 1-18. doi: 10.48308/ihrd.2019.104576
HARVARD
Abbaspour Ekder, N., Afshari, M. (2019). 'Supporting Measures for Witnesses, the Informed, Victims in Organized Crimes', Islamic Studies on Human Rights and Democracy, 3(1), pp. 1-18. doi: 10.48308/ihrd.2019.104576
VANCOUVER
Abbaspour Ekder, N., Afshari, M. Supporting Measures for Witnesses, the Informed, Victims in Organized Crimes. Islamic Studies on Human Rights and Democracy, 2019; 3(1): 1-18. doi: 10.48308/ihrd.2019.104576
)